Here is a summary of these complications.Spanish is a language, which has been originally spoken in the current territory of Spain, and now through the process of Spanish colonisation and related expansion has spread to most of South America, with the notable exceptions of Brazil French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. A complication with commands is that object pronouns go before negative commands ( No lo hagas) but glom onto the end of affirmative commands, often requiring an accent mark to maintain the normal stress position ( Cómelo). The only exception is affirmative informal commands, both singular ( tú) and plural ( vosotros). For historical reasons, affirmative tú commands resemble the él/ella/usted form of the present tense, plus 8 irregulars, while affirmative vosotros commands simply change the -r of the infinitive for a -d, e.g. Commands build on what you already know.Same for the various progressive tenses (like estoy comiendo and estaba bailando), except that here you probably already know how to conjugate estar, so all you need to learn is the present participle (the -ando/-iendo thing), which again has a few irregulars (like durmiendo and leyendo) which are predictable once you get the hang of them.The perfect tenses with haber (like he comido) all use the same participle (the -ado/-ido thing), so once you (i) memorize a few irregular participles (like escrito) and (ii) know how to conjugate haber in the tense of your choosing, you are set.The future and conditional are a piece of cake because you aren’t really conjugating, you’re just sticking endings onto the infinitive, and these endings are identical for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. Although there are a bunch of irregulars, they all evolved to simplify pronunciation, so they feel good in your mouth.And the imperfect subjunctive actually has two possible sets of endings ( -ra and -se), though learners can just stick with the -ra set. However, the present subjunctive does have six irregulars of its own. It helps that -er and -ir verbs have the same endings in the present subjunctive, and that -ar, -er, and -ir verbs ALL follow the same conjugation pattern in the past (“imperfect”) subjunctive (starting with the ellos/ellas/ustedes form of the preterite). This means that once you have learned the latter it’s mostly a matter of getting used to a somewhat different set of endings.
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